?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????Andreas Vesalius' Fabrica, printed in 1543, demonstrating the base from the human brain, which include optic chiasma, cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, and so forth. The Roman physician Galen also argued for the necessity of the brain,